Армирование ленточного фундамента
Самой главной составляющей сооружения является фундамент. Виды фундаментов бывают разные. В основном самым распространённым считается ленточный фундамент.
Фундамент ленточного типа не имеет смысла без армировки, которая изготавливается из арматуры. В нашем случае диаметром 12 мм.
Армирование в конструкции фундамента играет большую роль. Благодаря армировке фундамент приобретает прочность и надёжность. Поэтому в процессе эксплуатации здание с армированным фундаментом не будет подвержено влиянию внешних факторов.
1. Для установки каркаса армировки необходимо изготовить рамки, на которые будет крепиться арматура. Чтобы изготовить рамку необходимо согнуть проволоку по определённым размерам.
2. Согнутая рамка имеет вид:
3. Чтобы зафиксировать размер рамки, необходимо закрепить её концы между собой. В итоге получаем рамки разного размера (это зависит от планировки участка).
4. Подготавливаем арматуру. Для этого загибаем её под углом 90°. Это делается для установки арматуры в углах будущего фундамента и в местах примыкания.
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5. Надеваем рамки подходящего размера на арматуру для дальнейшего её крепления.
6. Прикрепляем арматуру к рамкам при помощи проволоки. Рамки крепим в местах соприкосновения с арматурой.
7. Закреплённая рамка к арматуре выглядит так:
8. В местах соединения арматуры, нахлест должен быть более тридцати диаметров арматуры для вязания.
9. Места соединения арматуры не должны располагаться в одном месте. Для этого их необходимо разнести по длине. Это делается для того чтобы усилить конструкцию.
10. В местах примыкания арматуры, соединяющие части должны находить друг на друга не менее чем на тридцать диаметров. Все точки соприкосновения арматуры увязываются проволокой. Проволока надёжно фиксирует конструкцию и не позволяет ей сдвигаться в процессе выполнения работ.
11. Армировку следует располагать как можно ближе к краям фундамента, но не ближе чем 8 см.
После того как армирование подготовлено, следует заняться заливкой фундамента.
Армирование – длительный и нелёгкий процесс. Но, с этой работой справится даже один человек.
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