Строительство кровли. Как сэкономить на проектировании и установке крыши?
Есть несколько простых правил, которые помогут Вам сэкономить при проектировании, строительстве и эксплуатации кровли.
Экономия на этапе проектирования кровли
1. Первое и самое важное правило – чем проще архитектура кровли (то есть чем меньше на ней скатов и изломов), тем дешевле обойдутся все этапы строительства и эксплуатации. Кровля будет надежной вне зависимости от того, какие материалы использованы.
2. Второе правило связано с назначением или функционалом подкровельного пространства. От того, будет ли это холодный чердак или теплая жилая мансарда, зависит и себестоимость кровли, даже если не брать в расчет стоимость отделки и меблировки мансарды. При этом надо понимать, что крыша с холодным чердаком надежнее, а мансарда выгоднее, с точки зрения себестоимости полезной площади.
Есть еще промежуточный вариант – когда вы отказываетесь от перекрытия (потолка) верхнего этажа в пользу утепленных скатов кровли. Так вы увеличиваете объем помещения, и в то же время уходите от затрат на само перекрытие и его отделку.
3. Необходимо разумно и рационально определять площадь дома. Не стоит строить 500-метровый дом для проживания небольшой семьи из трех человек и собачки, имея ограничения по бюджету. Избыточный по площади дом будет приносить не радость, а лишь хлопоты и затраты.
Мы не будем подробно разъяснять, что является разумной площадью, так как сейчас разговор не об этом, а тема рационализации пространства достойна отдельной статьи. Можем сказать одно – оптимальное решение по площади дома необходимо определять совместно с архитектором.
Почему важно обратить внимание на несущие конструкции
При проектировании важно обратить внимание на несущие конструкции. Они должны выдерживать снеговую и ветровую нагрузки, которые в разы больше веса кровельного покрытия. Поэтому затраты на них в большей степени зависят не от выбранного кровельного материала, а, скорее, от длины скатов, карнизных выносов и организации подкормленного пространства. Это надо четко понимать.
Кровельное покрытие влияет на выбор обрешетки. Например, если вы планируете металлочерепицу, то это должен быть разряженный дощатый настил, для битумной черепицы – брусок и дорогой сплошной настил из OSB плит, для натуральной черепицы – это сухой брусок.
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Обрешетка под металлочерепицу
Почему для обрешетки и настила необходимо покупать сухой погонаж (8-12 процентов влажности)? Дело в том, что всем материалам под нагрузкой присуще такое явление как усталость, которая у пиломатериалов естественной или транспортной влажности гораздо выше.
Со временем накопившаяся усталость приведет к «волнистости» кровельного покрытия. Строганый сухой брусок позволит избежать изначальной неровности поверхности. Необходимо учитывать эти нюансы на этапе проектирования дома, что позволит увеличить срок эксплуатации кровли и позволит избежать расходов на ремонтные работы в дальнейшем.
Оптимизация затрат при монтаже кровли уже построенного дома
Как быть, если архитектура уже задана, и не хочется терять бесценные метры пространства под кровлей? Как оптимизировать затраты, какие материалы и технологии использовать?
Первое, что необходимо сделать – определить горизонт планирования. Что это значит? Вы решаете – сэкономить сейчас на материалах и потом во время эксплуатации потратить дополнительные усилия, время и деньги на ремонт некачественной кровли. Это недальновидно. Лучше предвидеть последствия и сразу вложить средства в надежную конструкцию. Тогда к этому вопросу не придется возвращаться долгие годы ни Вам, ни Вашим детям.
Безусловно, чем надежнее технологии и долговечнее материалы, которые вы применяете в строительстве кровли, тем дороже стоимость готового результата. Однако в этом случае вы сокращаете последующие затраты на эксплуатацию кровли и дома в целом.
Оптимальное решение
Если сложно определиться, то есть разумный компромисс – строить поэтапно качественную кровлю, используя при этом лучшие материалы, которые стоят недешево. В этом случае Вы разбиваете процесс во времени и строите постепенно.
Предлагаем следующие варианты разумной экономии для достижения качественного результата:
1. Вложить средства в кровлю и мансарду, а отделочные работы и обустройство жилого пространства отложить на удобный срок.
2. Купить долговечную и красивую керамическую черепицу только для рядового покрытия, а все более дорогие элементы (а они занимают иногда до 40% кровли) пока не закупать. Вы можете временно установить планку из окрашенной оцинкованной стали, а позже, когда появится бюджет, заменить ее на родную коньковую черепицу.
Преимущества кровельных материалов
Большинство домов, которые сейчас строятся в России, по немецким нормам легче снести, чем привести к современным требованиям. При этом тратятся большие деньги! И это обидно. Какие же требования к крыше в современном мире?
Монтаж кровли из металлочерепицы
Кровля из черепицы
В западных странах руководствуются долговечностью материала, поэтому 98% кровель в Германии – это натуральная черепица и сланец! Также не второстепенным критерием является эстетичность. В этом плане нет ничего лучше натуральной черепицы, сланца или фальцевой кровли.
По совокупности преимуществ керамическая черепица занимает первое место среди других кровельных покрытий. Ее ключевые преимущества – эстетичность, долговечность, пожарная безопасность, экологичность, звукоизоляция, ветрозащита, тепловая инертность, устойчивость к ультрафиолету и агрессивным средам.
Отметим, что не всегда черепица является оптимальным вариантом. Чем сложнее форма кровли, тем большей квалификации требует укладка керамической черепицы. Это приводит к удорожанию монтажа. Следует это учитывать!
Кровля из металла
Нужно проводить четкую грань между материалом, из которого изготовлено кровельное покрытие, и способом формирования кровельного покрытия. Так, простая оцинковка, уложенная листами с применением двойного фальца, будет надежна, с точки зрения гидроизоляции и ветрозащиты. А профилированные листы (так называемая, металлочерепица) даже из меди – дадут менее герметичную конструкцию. Это связано со способом крепления профилированных листов любого металла, будь то сталь, медь, цинк-титан, алюминий, нержавеющая или оцинкованная сталь. В этом случае Вы будете обречены на дополнительные издержки при эксплуатации.
Битумная или гибкая черепица
Битумная или гибкая черепица – это хороший вариант не только с эстетической точки зрения, материал обладает высокой звукоизоляций и герметичностью. Однако он сильно проигрывает как по долговечности, так и по пожарной безопасности. Ваш дом сгорит первый во время пожара, если пламя перекинется на него.
Теплоизолияция: какой утеплитель выбрать?
Чтобы не переплачивать дважды за ремонт и избежать эксплуатационных проблем, необходимо сразу подобрать оптимальный теплоизоляционный материал.
Основная часть проблем, связанных с «плачущими» крышами, связана со скапливающимся конденсатом, а не со сквозными протечками. Мало купить утеплитель с необходимым коэффициентом теплопроводности, необходимо, чтобы в ходе эксплуатации утеплитель не деформировался под собственным весом, не сползал, оставляя «холодные» промежутки между паро- и гидроизоляцией, которые и приводят к образованию конденсата.
Итак, никаких мягких рулонных утеплителей. Только жесткие маты из каменной ваты или из современных синтетических материалов, таких как Permo Therm от немецкого концерна Klober.
Безусловно, Permo Therm будет дороже в разы, но отлично защитит от жары, холода и предотвратит образование конденсата. Если цена все-таки кажется Вам высокой, компромиссом может стать комбинирование Permo Therm и любого базальтового утеплителя.
Паро- и гидроиозоляция
Многие считают – чем выше способность к пароотсечению у пароизоляции, тем лучше. Если бы это было так, то лучший вариант был бы – простая парниковая пленка. Но очевидно, что парник в жилом помещении нам не нужен, поэтому необходимо другое решение.
Паропроницаемость пароизоляции, как это ни парадоксально звучит, также подлежит подбору по месту. Так пароизоляция над бассейном и над спальней должны иметь разную пропускную способность, что также учитывается при проектировании кровли специалистом.
Выбор гидроизоляции напрямую зависит от конструкции кровли, углов наклона скатов и т.д. Поэтому раскрыть подробно данную тематику в рамках данной статьи невозможно. Лучше обратитесь к менеджерам специализированной кровельной компании.
Монтаж
Кровля – важный элемент конструкции. От монтажа зависит срок эксплуатации всего дома и количество теплопотерь. Вы ведь не хотите отапливать улицу и платить за это? Если решили реально сэкономить, то не экономьте на монтаже – разница между «дикой» бригадой и специализированной компанией не окупается никогда!
Материал подготовлен при информационной поддержке Redroofs.ru
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Creatine is thought for enhancements in energy and energy, and for offering
more vitality for high-intensity exercise. When BCAAs
are taken earlier than or throughout train, they scale back fatigue and reduce muscle protein breakdown.
Pre-workout dietary supplements are celebrated for their energy-boosting properties, largely thanks to ingredients like
caffeine.
Nevertheless, in case your targets are more targeted on endurance or weight administration, you could go
for different supplementation strategies. Consider your particular health objectives
when deciding whether or not to combine these dietary supplements.
BCAAs are identified for his or her capability to reduce exercise-induced muscle soreness.
They say it’s scrumptious and not bitter or chalky like many pre-workout powders.
As creatine is actually pretty inexpensive, you would possibly find that you’ve some extra cash laying
round. If that is you and you know the truth of the effectiveness of BCAAs, then you should take a glance at post that covers the
Finest BCAA Supplements available on the market.
Body Fortress advertises 60g of protein and 12g of BCAA per 2 scoop serving.
The NSF certification signifies that a product has been examined by
a highly respected unbiased third-party organization, and the product undergoes regular testing versus just a
one-time check. This additionally puts you at increased danger of adverse digestive unwanted effects like diarrhea, gassiness, or constipation. Muscletech Nitrotech is a mix of whey concentrate,
whey isolate, and whey peptides, which is a mixture of medium and fast-digesting proteins.
Below I’ll break down what sets Publish JYM other than different post-workouts, and why
it’s so efficient at enhancing recovery—and outcomes.
However, if you want to experiment with BCAAs, determine the explanation for doing
so and attempt to observe it. For example, as a result of there is
proof to help BCAAs for reducing muscle soreness, you could attempt taking them round
your exercises to see if doing so helps. This means, you presumably
can decide whether the complement is working and if it is worth keeping in your supplement regime.
To this point, a evaluation of 25 research comprised of practically 500 participants
demonstrated that BCAA supplementation significantly lowered muscle soreness
24 and 48 hours post-exercise compared with a placebo (7).
There are hundreds of amino acids that can build this wall, but your body solely needs about 20 to make all the proteins it must
restore and construct tissues like muscle, skin, and bone
(1). Those who don’t consume animal products will be extra responsive to
creatine supplementation as a result of they probably don’t devour sufficient creatine-rich foods as it is.
There’s additionally no proof to counsel that it could have
any detrimental results on performance. You may be concerned that taking BCAAs and
creatine collectively could probably be unsafe.
However, there isn’t any proof of any antagonistic effects that would come up as a result (13).
The supplements and/or dietary information on this website are for informational functions
solely and usually are not intended to be medical advice.
Houssaine is a fitness fanatic and enthusiastic
about sharing his expertise and data on Halal diet & dietary supplements topics.
Sure, all three supplements described in this article may be taken collectively.
Curiously, the muscle protein synthesis response to the 25
grams of protein was double that of the first protocol indicating that leucine alone doesn’t decide the anabolic impact of protein. Clients recognize
the pre-workout complement for its natural components that provide a lift of energy.
They find it efficient and gratifying to drink, with a
delicious blueberry taste that is not bitter or chalky.
The product supplies them with a strong exercise enhance and has no synthetic
sweeteners or dyes. Clients find that the nutritional supplement works well for crossfit
workouts and offers a good pre-workout vitality boost.
Really Feel free to make use of the three dietary supplements mentioned in this article together.
It is not harmful to mix creatine with pre-workout and the
one potential adverse facet impact could also be some stomach discomfort.
In fact, many pre-workouts already comprise creatine.If you’re involved
about how you may react to mixing creatine with pre-workout,
it’s fine to take creatine separately later within the day.
The timing of creatine consumption does not significantly influence the impact of the supplement.
Though it was as quickly as thought that taking creatine and caffeine on the same
time would «counteract» the advantages of creatine, this is not supported by trendy analysis.
(source 1, supply 2) This is especially related for
pre-workout supplements that contain creatine, as most of those supplements additionally comprise
caffeine. If you’re a newbie that does not like beta alanine tingling, then Amino Power is a strong selection.
Creatine, BCAAs, and glutamine are typically secure when used as directed.
However, individuals with sure medical situations or
those taking medicines should consult a healthcare professional
earlier than starting any supplementation regimen. Creatine’s position in ATP regeneration can velocity up restoration between sets and workouts, doubtlessly leading to more productive coaching sessions.
Creatine, BCAAs, and glutamine every supply unique benefits,
and when taken collectively, they might have a synergistic effect on muscle progress.
It’s very important that you have the three fundamentals above in verify earlier than you begin worrying about any sort of supplementation. Remember, dietary supplements are there to «supplement» your
coaching; they aren’t the bottom of your workout. The
greatest flaw with this query is to imagine you could only take
on one or the other.
Our testers appreciated its energy increase, non-jittery feel, tasty fruit punch
flavor, and straightforward mixability. Altius supplies a considerable power kick with
a excessive dose of citrulline malate, ideal for many who
train exhausting and early. I was a part of the team testing Cellucor C4 pre-workout, and the
explosive energy it promised? Turns out, different testers additionally felt a major increase in power and muscle
pumps. Cellucor C4 promises noticeable energy boosts and improved muscle pumps, but the vagueness of its mix might
deter some.
Some pre-workouts have twice the caffeine of a Monster power drink which is a lot.
They say it provides them a great pump with no crash, nice energy, and increased power, without jitters or unwanted aspect effects.
Some analysis signifies that ATP could help improve train efficiency when taken as a complement.
As such, this product is supposed to be taken 30 minutes earlier
than a workout.
If you need to increase your BCAA levels, seek the assistance of with a
healthcare practitioner relating to suitability and dosing.
For workout enhancement, one of the best time to take BCAA
is earlier than, after, and during train on workout days and in the morning and night
on relaxation days. However, you could also divide up the
dosage all through the day often instead to spice up muscle
development. BCAAs assist liver well being and may help regenerate cells within the organ. In particular, these amino acids might
have benefits for individuals with cirrhosis of the liver and will help forestall a situation referred to as hepatic encephalopathy that often develops
along with the disease. Evidence signifies that supplementing with BCAA may enhance general train performance and endurance.
Taking a BCAA complement or consuming foods wealthy on this ingredient can also help with weight reduction, help liver well being, and reduce
fatigue.
«But creatine makes me puffy» is something you’ll hear many individuals say who do not
truly know what the benefits of including creatine to your stack are.
All in all, pre-workouts definitely work however be conscious of flashy
promoting and exaggerated claims. And all the time bear in mind, pre-workouts solely work should
you put out the extra effort. Nicely, even that is
not totally true as it could have an effect on your amino acid uptake.
Regardless, as lengthy as you’re not consuming copious quantities of BCAAs, you’re good to go.
In reality, a amount of EAAs is what differentiates animal protein and
plant protein, as most plant sources of protein lack a number of
of the 9 EAAs.
Your muscle tissue are about 35% BCAA, so, naturally, their
supplementation is recommended for encouraging muscle growth.
Your body synthesizes creatine from glycine and arginine, which are both amino acids.
Pre-workouts with creatine have been shown to be extremely efficient for muscle gain, whether you’re a
professional athlete or just somebody wanting to enhance your physique.
Creatine works to maximize your energy, energy,
and train efficiency as it helps your physique in producing extra
ATP (the vitality forex of all cells). If massive pumps and
elevated blood move are your thing, this pre-workout with creatine
goes to blow your mind. But, it seems to be a typical
drawback that many creatine pre-workouts don’t comprise almost enough creatine (or different efficient ingredients) to truly produce results.
Pre-Kaged is probably one of the best «all-around» pre-workouts on the market right now.
As for myself, my analysis pursuits encompass exploring dietary supplement interventions
for optimizing exercise effects and investigating the impacts of creatine monohydrate.
In short, I too, possess considerable knowledge regarding dietary supplements.
They report better focus and power during workouts, with no jitters or tingling effects.
Timing your creatine supplementation has been the subject of a lot
debate in fitness circles, though analysis suggests flexibility
in consumption. How long it takes for creatine to work relies upon considerably
on your baseline creatine ranges, muscle fiber
composition, food plan quality, coaching depth, and overall creatine supplementation adherence.
Vegetarians usually expertise more dramatic outcomes because of their naturally lower baseline shops.
Meta-analyses confirm its benefits for growing power, energy output, and lean mass across diverse populations.
Consultation with a healthcare skilled can additionally be essential earlier than beginning any new
complement, especially when you have underlying medical situations or are taking medications.
Cycling refers to taking a break from utilizing supplements for a sure interval before starting once more.
Whether or not you must cycle BCAAs, creatine, and pre-workout is dependent upon numerous elements.
This abdomen sensitivity problem is why I truly have 3 grams of glutamine in Submit JYM.
This dose helps cut back these points yet still provides an enough dose to get the job accomplished.
When we’re speaking bout BCAAs, leucine is actually the star of the bunch since it is the ignitor of muscle protein synthesis.
But, doing so decreases concentrations of the other two
amino acids, which then limits muscle protein synthesis. Next to
protein powders and pre-workouts, BCAAs — or branched chain amino
acids — are among the many hottest types of supplements amongst health club fanatics.
Increasing the availability of tyrosine to the mind permits for increased catecholamine synthesis and may help hold adrenaline
levels elevated throughout your exercises. This is the primary purpose why tyrosine could be very useful in a PWO complement, particularly when combined with a stimulant
corresponding to caffeine. There are several completely different kinds of creatine, but they stunning much all serve
the same purpose – with variations within the fee at which they are absorbed.
Nonetheless, reserve pre-workout dietary supplements for exercise days to avoid unnecessary stimulant intake.
For optimal results, take creatine persistently every single day, both before or after
workouts. Take pre-workout supplements minutes before exercise to permit for absorption and effectiveness.
This mixture can enhance exercise efficiency by boosting vitality, energy, and endurance.
Earlier Than starting any new supplement, especially if
combining pre-workout and creatine, search advice from
knowledgeable to tailor the regimen to your particular needs and health goals.
BETA-ALANINEBeta-alanine has been a extremely popular ingredient for the past few
years. It’s a nonessential amino acid and, when used as a
supplement, it’s taken up by your muscles and, along with histidine, is resynthesized
into carnosine by an enzyme known as carnosine synthetase.
An improve in intramuscular carnosine ranges can enhance the buffering capability of a muscle by as
a lot as 20 %. Analysis exhibits that beta-alanine
supplementation can significantly enhance intramuscular carnosine levels.
References:
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