Как правильно выбрать и установить выключатель
Выключатель важно не только правильно установить, но и тщательно выбрать. Причем, выбирать нужно не только по дизайну (хотя это тоже важный фактор, по крайней мере для владельцев жилья), а по рабочим характеристикам. Сама по себе установка выключателя – это процесс подключения проводов к клеммам и монтажа устройства. Для специалиста такая работа считается элементарной. А вот то, как будет работать устройство, целиком зависит от его качества и технических возможностей.
Виды выключателей
Вне зависимости от типа, все выключатели устроены одинаково: в них предусмотрены элементы для замыкания и размыкания цепи. Конструкцию устройств подбирают индивидуально, учитывая величину силы тока, количество электроцепей, предназначение прибора.
Технические характеристики любого выключателя указаны на маркировке – на самом изделии или упаковке. При выборе нужно учитывать допустимую мощность и номинальное напряжение. Главным параметром выбора является допустимая мощность.
Современные выключатели классифицируют по ряду признаков. По группе этих критерием и определяют типы устройств.
Способ крепления:
- безвинтовые – подходят для медной проводки;
- винтовые – для проводки из алюминия (она не искрится, не греется и не подлежит деформации).
Функциональность:
- стандартные;
- диммеры (регуляторы света);
- контрольные (индикаторные).
- Конструкция:
- перекидные;
- кнопочные;
- поворотные;
- диммеры.
Принцип работы:
- клавишные (на 2, 3 цепи);
- проходные;
- автоматические (например, сенсорные).
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- Замена основного выключателя ванна,туалет…
Отдельная категория – выключатели с пыле- и влагозащищенной конструкцией. Для определения степени защиты от внешних факторов используют маркировку IP с двумя цифрами после нее: первая обозначает защиту от пыли (1-6), вторая, соответственно – от влаги (1-8). Осуществляют монтаж выключателя такого типа в ванных комнатах, крытых бассейнах, мастерских и даже на улице. Для установки в местах, требующих антивандальной защиты, используют выключатели в корпусах из ударопрочной пластмассы.
Советы по выбору выключателей
При выборе следует учитывать вид проводки – открытый или закрытый. В зависимости от этого, покупают либо накладные выключатели, либо модели скрытого типа. Визуально устройства должны производить впечатление надежных и крепких. Клавиши должны двигаться свободно и плавно, но при этом не быть разболтанными.
Кого не стоит слушать при выборе – так это продавца. Часто, увидев перед собой обычного обывателя, продавец под видом эксперта попробует продать залежалый или несправедливо дорогой товар. А вам может оказаться ни к чему дизайнерский выключатель, созданный популярным брендом. Функции-то одинаковые.
Несколько важных советов, которые облегчат выбор устройства:
Авторитетные бренды, производящие выключатели: Legrand, Siemens, Berker, ABB, MKElectric и другие. Они создают не только надежные, но и эстетичные устройства: у каждого производителя есть дизайнерские серии с выключателями разного цвета, с поверхностями, имитирующими дерево или металл.
Установка выключателей: основные этапы
Процесс подключения наполнен большим количеством тонкостей. Они хорошо знакомы электрику, но могут поставить в тупик человека без опыта. Работы выполняют поэтапно. Первый этап – разметка. В нем нет необходимости, если ведется замена выключателя в уже подготовленное отверстие. В противном случае нужно предусмотреть штробы под линии для выключателя и создание отверстия (если стена бетонная, для этого используют специальную насадку на перфоратор).
Готовое отверстие чистят от пыли и обязательно грунтуют. Это позволит защитить подрозетник и механизм выключателя от возможных механических повреждений в будущем. Следующий этап, после подведения проводов к отверстию – установка подрозетника. Он должен аккуратно войти в отверстие. Просунув провода в отверстия, подрозетник нужно вжать в заранее нанесенный внутрь отверстия раствор и дать ему затвердеть.
После этого можно приступать к подключению проводов к клеммам. Для стандартных одноклавишных выключателей схема самая простая (3 провода, один из них – заземление). Если предполагается установка двух- и трехклавишного устройства, следует внимательно изучить схему и учесть все характеристики. После закрепления проводов механизм выключателя следует вставить в подрозетник и зафиксировать. Останется только надеть на механизм лицевую панель, подключить электроэнергию и испытать выключатель.
Каким бы простым ни казался процесс – лучше поручить его электрику. Установка выключателей – недорогая услуга, с которой специалист справляется в среднем за 15-20 минут. При этом он дает гарантии, да и вам не придется переживать, что что-то сделано не так. Неправильное подключение выключателя может обойтись дорого – это не тот процесс, на котором можно экономить.
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