Битумная пароизоляциия по профлисту в кровлях
Почему актуализированный свод правил рекомендует применять в кровлях по профлисту битумную пароизоляцию?
Незапланированный ремонт кровли современного логистического или торгово-развлекательного центра чреват крупными расходами. Ведь в силу особенностей архитектуры — большое пятно застройки и невысокая этажность – площади кровель таких зданий нередко исчисляются футбольными полями. В данной статье вместе с техническим специалистом Корпорации ТЕХНОНИКОЛЬ Антоном Уртенковым разбираемся в такой составляющей кровельных систем по профлисту (характерных для быстровозводимых зданий), как пароизоляция. Недостаточное внимание к устройству этого слоя может привести к убыткам в десятки миллионов рублей.
Антон, почему пароизоляция так важна?
В холодный период года, особенно зимой, наружное ограждение отапливаемых зданий разделяет две воздушные среды с разным парциальным давлением водяного пара. Из-за разницы давления возникает поток водяного пара через ограждения от внутренней стороны помещения к наружной стороне. Проходя через ограждающую конструкцию, водяной пар насыщает ее влагой. Сам по себе профилированный лист мог бы стать преградой на его пути – металлы относятся к немногим материалам в природе, не пропускающим пар. Но несущее основание – это большое число скрепленных между собой листов. Водяной пар легко проходит сквозь стыки и крепления, и проникает в кровельную конструкцию.
Для теплоизоляции процесс влагонакопления может оказаться губительным, эффективность ее работы начнет снижаться, а значительное увлажнение теплоизоляции может привести к промерзанию конструкции крыши в холодный период года и снижению прочности теплоизоляционного слоя. Чтобы сохранить комфортный микроклимат в помещении, придется тратить ощутимо больше ресурсов на отопление. Избежать всех этих проблем как раз и позволяет правильный выбор и грамотный монтаж высокоэффективного пароизоляционного материала для совмещенных плоских крыш.
Какие материалы оптимальны для этой цели?
К пароизоляционному слою в кровельных системах, выполняемых по профлисту предъявляют особые требования. Наиболее привычный вид пароизоляционных материалов – свободно укладываемые полиэтиленовые пленки. При механическом креплении тепло- и гидроизоляционного слоев они повреждаются. Учитывая, что в соответствии с расчетами ветровой нагрузки число крепежных элементов может достигать 10 и более штук на квадратный метр, оценить масштабы проблемы не сложно. Кроме того, целостность таких пленок очень часто нарушается при производстве работ кровельщиками. Пароизоляционный слой, для того чтобы он выполнял свое предназначение, должен быть непрерывным и герметичным.
В прогрессивном мире нашли оптимальное решение для кровельных систем с механической фиксацией – металлизированные битумные мембраны. Они обладают крайне важным свойством «самозалечивания», прочностью и низкой паропропускной способностью. Именно битумно-полимерные материалы рекомендованы актуализированной версией СП 17.13330.2017 Кровли, которая действует с 1 декабря 2017 года, для обеспечения надежной пароизоляции в системах по профлисту с механическим креплением. Примечательно, что и российская стройиндустрия не стоит на месте. Сейчас нашим кровельщикам доступен отечественный материал такого рода — аллюминизированная мембрана ПАРОБАРЬЕР.
Расскажите подробнее о его свойствах?
Выбор такого решения не оставляет сомнений в надежной паронепроницаемости. Материал выпускается двух видов. Для зданий с нормальным температурно-влажностным режимом – подойдет продукт марки СА 500. Для аквапарков, спа-комплексов и других зданий с повышенной влажностью лучше выбирать абсолютно паронепроницаемый материал марки СФ 1000. Эффективность «работы» аллюминизированной мембраны повышает способ крепления – приклейка к гофрам, а также свойство «самозалечивания» (герметизации). Кроме того, аллюминизированная мембрана с армирующей основой очень прочна (разрывные характеристики 600Н/500Н). Она не повредится под весом кровельщика. Материал отлично выполнит функции временной кровли на случай перерывов в работе. При этом за счет небольшой толщины он не оказывает влияние на определение класса пожарной опасности кровельной конструкции.
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