Многие грунты под действием влаги значительно проседают, от чего постройки на них разрушаются. Строить на такой земле все же можно, но после возведения любого сооружения необходимо сделать отмостку. Даже если грунт не проседает, отмостка вокруг бассейна все равно будет выполнять свою защитную роль, плюс ее можно красиво декорировать и устанавливать на ней навес.
Для чего нужна отмостка?
Одна из основных функций – защита бассейна от талых вод и дождей. Отмостка отводит подальше воду от сооружения или в канализацию. Правильно выполненная отмостка с утеплением защищает сооружение от промерзания грунта, что особенно важно для пучинистого грунта. Зимой промерзший пучинистый грунт увеличивается в размерах и оказывает давление на бассейн, что постепенно приведет к разрушительным процессам. Также отмостка защищает стены бассейна от развитой корневой системы деревьев и растений.
Наличие каймы вокруг постройки придает ей чувства завершенности. К тому же отмостка играет роль тротуара, по которому удобно ходить вокруг бассейна. А поверх бетонного слоя легко выложить декоративный слой и выгодно выделить свой бассейн на фоне других.
Порядок выполнения работ
Бетонную отмостку можно устанавливать на любой тип грунта. Хорошо выполненная с соблюдением толщины каждого слоя отмостка прослужит долгие годы и не будет требовать реставрации.
Вынимают грунт вокруг бассейна, и тщательно удаляют корни. Для 100% гарантии отсутствия появления новых растений почву лучше обработать гербицидами. В среднем глубина траншей 20-25 см. Она не должна быть больше половины глубины промерзания грунта, на котором строится бассейн. Традиционно ширина отмостки равна 1 м.
Затем, при помощи строительной тачки, привозится и укладывается равномерно первый слой. Его делают из хорошо утрамбованного песка. Толщина слоя 10-15 см. Отмостка должна иметь небольшой угол наклона 1-10 градусов. В среднем делают 3-50, но зависит от типа грунта.
Следующий слой – щебень. Размеры камней 5-20 мм. Их выкладывают как раз до верха выкопанной ямы.
Делают опалубку из досок или другого материала. Через каждые 2 метра кладут доски ребром, обмазанные битумом. Они играют роль деформационных швов и будут предотвращать возникновение трещин на бетоне под воздействием низких температур. Между бетоном можно укладывать рубероид, демпферную ленту, жидкое стекло или аналогичные материалы. Еще один деформационный шов необходимо сделать между стеной бассейна и отмосткой.
Прокладывают слой утеплителя. Можно использовать, например, пенополистирол, керамзит, пенопласт. Под пенопласт лучше проложить тонкий гидроизоляционный слой из рубероида или плотного полиэтилена.
Заливают опалубку бетоном на несколько сантиметров.
Пока бетон не схватился, выкладывают арматурную сетку с размером ячейки 10х10 см. Арматура работает на растяжение, а бетон на сжатие. В результате отмостка будет иметь некоторую степень подвижности.
Заканчивают залив опалубки бетоном. Желательно его уплотнить виброрейкой. Не забывайте о создании уклона отмостки.
Железнение бетона. Влажную поверхность посыпают цементом и затирают мастерком. Последний слой улучшает влагостойкость отмостки.
При жаркой погоде желательно накрыть бетонную поверхность тканью и следить, чтобы она оставалась влажной.
Чтобы бетон окончательно застыл и демонстрировал свои марочные характеристики, следует подождать семь дней.
Отмостка прослужит дольше, если за ней ухаживать. Как только обнаруживаются трещины, сразу ее ремонтировать.
Если вовремя установки отмостки в нее воткнуть штыри, то можно будет на них установить навес.
Читайте также
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Ремонт отмостки
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Отмостки на неровном участке дачи
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Про отмостки не забыли?
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